From eb7c305c5b573672d6be51b741aff3d1ae0853b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sabrina Chowdhury <sabrina.chowdhury29@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 28 Aug 2021 03:09:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] update

---
 docs/electronics/Motors.md | 15 +++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/electronics/Motors.md b/docs/electronics/Motors.md
index 2ea64ed..0bdf606 100644
--- a/docs/electronics/Motors.md
+++ b/docs/electronics/Motors.md
@@ -64,5 +64,20 @@ Choosing a stepper very much depends on the type of machine you have or are goin
 - For the same reason, bipolar motors have a high torque output. To learn more about the wiring, check this [Wiring Configurataion](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/wiring-basics-unipolar-vs-bipolar).
   
 - However, the motors need more complex circuitry to switch the coils. This isn’t an issue because the driver modules do this for us.
+---
+ > #### 2) Torque Rating
+ ---
+- Stepper motors are rated by their holding torque in oz / in (ounces per inch) or N.m (Newton-metre) etc.
+  
+- Holding torque is the maximum torque that the motor can provide with both windings energized at full current before it starts jumping steps.
+  
+-  **Example**: a NEMA23 might say 175 oz / in. So it can hold 175 ounces on an arm of 1 inch in length attached to the motor shaft.
 
+- We also need to note how much current the motor will draw and the voltage it needs to work at.
+  
+- The holding torque with one winding energized at the rated current is about ***1/sqrt(2)*** times that. 
+
+- The torque is proportional to current (except at very low currents), so for example, if we set the drivers to 85% of the motor rated current, then the maximum torque will be ***85% * 0.707 = 60%*** of the specified holding torque.
+
+---
   
-- 
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